Sprayable o/w emulsions of a low viscosity

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to sprayable low-viscous O/W emulsions which can be prepared from at least two phases by using a hydrophobic phase comprising gemini surfactants and a hydrophilic phase comprising gemini surfactants with addition of solid particles, a foaming surfactant, or an antitranspirant.

This invention relates to sprayable low-viscous O/W emulsions.

By the term ‘sprayable’ as used herein is meant that the O/W emulsionscan directly be sprayed, especially by means of a trigger pump, withoutusing a pressurised propellant.

Sprayable O/W emulsions based on nonionic surfactants and prepared bythe phase inversion method or those based on anionic emulsifiers, suchas glyceryl stearate citrate or phosphoric acid derivatives, plus athickener are known in the art.

Sprayable O/W emulsions are very much in demand, particularly in theform of sunscreen products. However, the sprayable O/W emulsions knownin the art have the disadvantage that none so far has been capable oftaking up the desirable amount of UV-filter combinations which haveproved to be tolerable in creams or lotions and comprise oil- orwater-soluble organic filters and inorganic ones, e.g. titanium dioxide,which may have an amphiphilic, lipophilic, or hydrophobic coating,and/or zinc oxide. Moreover, it has so far not been possible to useethanol in higher quantities which would allow to formulatepreservative-free products.

In order to produce a particularly fine spray fog and film when usingcustomary spray pumps, it is essential that the compositions to besprayed have low viscosities. It is also desirable that the hand pump beeasy to handle and be presented in an attractive packing design as isexpected of cosmetic products. It should produce a fine and steady sprayfog, when pumping with steady and moderate energy, irrespective of thespeed. Very viscous compositions require solidly built, large-volume,unsightly hand pumps with usually poor spray performance.

Owing to the high densities of inorganic sunscreens in comparison withthe aqueous phase, low-viscous O/W emulsions tend to become considerablyinstable as their pigment concentration increases, i.e. the suspendedsolid particles tend to agglomerate and/or sediment.

Reportedly, efforts were made to prepare thixotropic pigmentarycompositions which can be sprayed under the influence of shearing force,but it has not been possible to prepare sprayable compositions with highsolids concentrations.

Solids concentrations of 4% or higher which are typical of suntanningcreams or lotions normally present an invincible problem in terms of‘sprayable composition’. It is hardly feasible to prepare theaforementioned prior-art compositions with higher solids concentrations,especially because the composition when applied to the skin turns to awhite layer due to the tendency of the inorganic UV protection particlesto agglomerate.

Consumers do not like pump sprays shooting a broad jet onto the skininstead of the fine fog appreciated with aerosol sprays.

Manufacturers of consumer products seek to formulate anemulsifier/dispersant system requiring as few adjustments as possiblewith the different types of solid particles employed, such as inorganicUV filters, effect pigments for beautifying cosmetics, and fillers fortechnical applications.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide asprayable low-viscous O/W emulsion by means of an adaptableemulsifier/dispersant composition that is easy to use with a multitudeof different solids and solids concentrations and which does not havethe abovementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

The problem has surprisingly been solved by the following composition:

An oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion having a viscosity of less than 2,000mPas, preferably 50 to 1,000 mPas, most preferably 500 to 1,000 mPas (ata room temperature of 298 K, measured as dynamic viscosity at a shearrate of 1/s), which can be prepared by combining

-   (a) a hydrophilic phase comprising-   (a.1) one or more gemini surfactant compound(s) and-   (a.2) a detergent component with poor foaming characteristics, which    is employed at a weight ratio of gemini surfactant compound (a.1) to    detergent component (a.2) from 1:100 to 10:1 parts by weight,    preferably 1:10 to 4:1, most preferably 1:2 to 2:1, wherein the    components (a.1) and (a.2) in total are preferably used in    quantities from 0.05 to 5.0 wt %, most preferably 0.5 to 3.0 wt %,-   (a.3) 1 to 15 wt % water, most preferably 2 to 10 wt %,-   (b) with a hydrophobic phase comprising-   (b.1) one or more gemini surfactant compound(s) and-   (b.2) one or more co-amphiphile(s) having an HLB value of less than    6, at a weight ratio of gemini surfactant compound (b. 1) to    co-amphiphile (b.2) from 1:100 to 3:1 parts by weight, preferably    1:20 to 1:2, most preferably 1:10 to 1:5, wherein the components    (b.1) and (b.2) in total are preferably employed in quantities from    0.1 to 8.0 wt %, most preferably 0.5 to 4.0 wt %,-   (b.3) 1 to 50 wt % of a hydrophobic component, preferably 10 to 40    wt % and,-   (b.4) optionally, 0.01 to 10 wt %, preferably 0.5 to 3 wt % of one    or more nonionic surfactant(s),-   preferably at elevated temperature, most preferably at 50 to 80° C.    or 60 to 70° C., and preferably with homogenisation until the oil    droplets have an average particle size of <1 mm, preferably <10 μm,-   and additionally comprising-   (c.1) water in such quantity that the resultant composition    comprises 15 to 45 wt % water, preferably by addition to phase (a)    or after combining the phases (a) and (b),-   (c.2) alcohols (c.2.1), polyglycols (c.2.2) and/or polyols (c.2.3)    such that the whole composition comprises a total of 0.1 to 50 wt %    alcohols (c.2.1), preferably 5 to 30 wt %, polyglycols    -   (c.2.2) and/or polyols (c.2.3), preferably added to phase (a)        and/or (b) and/or after combining the phases (a) and (b),        preferably with addition of 0.1 to 10 wt % polyols (c.2.3) to        phase (a),-   (c.4) optionally, a viscosity regulator preferably in quantities    from 0.01 to 3 wt %, more preferably 0.2 to 1 wt %, most preferably    added to phase (a) or after combining the phases (a) and (b),-   (c.5) optionally, cross-linked polymers, preferably 0.1 to 1 wt %,    preferably added after combining the phases (a) and (b),-   and adding one or more of the components (d.1) through (d.3) after    combining the phases (a) and (b), optionally in conjunction with one    or more of the components (c), i.e. (c.1) through (c.5):-   (d.1) 0.1 to 30 wt % solid particles, preferably 0.1 to 30 wt %,-   (d.2) 0.1 to 3 wt % foaming surfactant, preferably 0.5 to 2 wt %,    especially a heavily foaming one, or-   (d.3) 0.1 to 15 wt % antitranspirant (antiperspirant), preferably 2    to 8 wt %, for example a metal chlorohydrate, particularly aluminium    chlorohydrate or zirconium chlorohydrate,    with the proviso that when adding the foaming surfactant (d.2),    additional water be added, i.e. in addition to the quantity stated    in (c.1), such that the proportion of the O/W emulsion comprised of    components (a) through (c) to the additional water quantity,    including the foaming surfactant, is from 90:10 to 40:60 parts by    weight.

It is preferable to add the additional quantity of water conjointly withthe foaming surfactant (d.2) or prior to addition of same. Afteraddition of the components specified hereinabove, additional water canbe added to the O/W emulsion in larger quantities than those mentionedabove.

The O/W emulsion preferably also comprises one or more of the followingcomponents:

-   -   ethanol in quantities of 0.1 to 20 wt %, preferably 1 to 15 wt        %, more preferably 1 to 8 wt %, as component (c.2.1) or part        thereof,    -   (d.4) 0.1 to 25 wt % of a soluble organic sunscreen, preferably        added to phase (b), or 0.1 to 25 wt % of a water-soluble        sunscreen or the salt thereof added to the water which is added        after combining the phases (a) and (b).

It is preferable that (d.2) and (d.3) be added as aqueous solution oremulsion.

The percent by weight specified hereinabove refer to the wholecomposition of the O/W emulsion. The preferred embodiments of thesubject invention are set out in the subordinate claims.

A commercial embodiment comprising the components (a.1) and (a.2) insuitable proportion is the product CERALUTION™ F of Sasol Germany GmbH.A composition containing the components (a.1) and (a.2) is subjectmatter of WO 01/19943-A1 (PCT/DE 00/03163), which is explicitlyincorporated herein by reference.

A particularly useful embodiment containing the components (a.1) and(a.2) consists of sodium lauroyl lactylate and gemini surfactant at aratio from 1:2 to 2:1 parts by weight.

A commercial embodiment containing the components (b.1) and (b.2) insuitable proportion is the product CERALUTION™ H of Sasol Germany GmbH.A composition containing the components (b.1) and (b.2) is subjectmatter of WO 01/19945-A1 (PCT/DE 00/03162), which is explicitlyincorporated herein by reference.

A particularly useful embodiment with respect to components (b.1) and(b.2) consists of

-   (1) 10 to 50 wt % behenyl alcohol-   (2) 30 to 50 wt % glyceryl stearate-   (3) 10 to 20 wt % glyceryl stearate citrate and-   (4) 10 to 20 wt % gemini surfactant, preferably of type A I with 15    EO, where ethylene is equal to R², and with acyl residues from a    coconut cut (Cl₂, C₁₄, and little C₁₆, the polar terminal group    being —SO₃Na).

The gemini surfactants (a.1) and (b.1) can be the same or different.

The O/W emulsions of the invention are outstanding in that >90%,preferably >95%, most preferably >98% of the oil droplets have adiameter of preferably <1 mm, most preferably <10 μm (at least afterhomogenisation of the phases (a) and (b)). The particle size wasdetermined by a light scattering method using a HORIBA LA-500 particlesize analyser.

The hydrophobic phase (b) is defined herein as a composition which isinsoluble in water at room temperature, but optionally iswater-dispersible. The hydrophilic phase (a) is defined in relation tothe respective hydrophobic phase (b). It is preferable that thehydrophilic phase be temporarily water-soluble at room temperature,optionally after previous heating.

The superior spraying characteristics of the O/W emulsions of theinvention are demonstrated by the following experiment. A sheet of paperis fixed at a distance of 27 cm from a spray pump head having a roundatomizing cone. The paper is sprayed and the sprayed area is measured.The larger the area when using the same hand pump, the better thesprayability of the composition. The compositions of the invention,except the foams containing component (d.2), exhibit excellent sprayingbehaviour.

The smaller and less disperse the oil droplets, the better an evenpigment distribution. The O/W emulsions of the invention allow todistribute pigments in a highly disperse and more even way, thusconsiderably improving pigment hiding power. This is an advantage incosmetic applications, e.g. sunscreens, because pigments can be utilisedmore efficiently and a significantly higher sun protection factor (SPF)per mass unit of solid particle can be attained. In technicalapplications, too, said emulsions offer advantages, e.g. when it isdesirable to keep the solid particles constantly dispersed in theiroriginal size without tendency to agglomeration, which is for exampleadvantageous in lacquers.

Adjustment to solid particles which are more hydrophilic can be achievedby increasing the quantities of (a.1) plus (a.2) and, optionally, (b.4)within the abovementioned limits.

(a.1) and (b.1) Gemini Surfactants Compounds

Gemini surfactants can be substantially uniform compounds or mixtures ofdifferent compounds.

By the term ‘gemini surfactant’ as used herein is meant a surface-activecompound consisting of at least (preferably) two surfactant units, i.e.one hydrophilic head group and one hydrophobic group interlinked throughat least (preferably) one spacer in proximity to the head group. Geminisurfactants are also termed dimer surfactants because of their specificstructure. There exist anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphotericgemini surfactants, depending on the kind of head group. However, incontrast to conventional surfactants, which are grouped in the same way,gemini surfactants can also have combinations of different head groups,mostly combinations of nonionic and ionic groups.

When combining an ionic head group with a nonionic one, it is the natureof the ionic head group which is dominant in the resultant geminisurfactant, combinations of a nonionic head group and an anionic onetherefore being classified as anionic gemini surfactants. The sameapplies to combinations of nonionic head groups with cationic oramphoteric ones. As to the surfactant compositions of the invention, itis morphology (i.e. the relative arrangement of different structuralunits, namely, hydrophilic groups, spacer, hydrophobic chains) that isessential, the type of head group is not. Hence, the gemini surfactantsof the present invention have the following structure:

The preferred gemini surfactants used in the surfactant compositions ofthe invention have nitrogen atoms at the link between spacer,hydrophilic group, and hydro-phobic group. More preferably, the geminisurfactants have spacers bearing amine or amide groups, but also spacersderived from dicarboxylic acids, betaine-derived hydrophilic double headgroups, which optionally have side groups obtained by alkoxylation,especially ethoxylation, which may bear sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid,carboxylic acid, or alcohol groups, including polyalcohols, andhydrophobic double chains with 5 to 25 carbon atoms, which may bebranched or unbranched and may bear up to two non-adjacent double bonds.

The following variants of gemini surfactant structures are particularlyuseful for the surfactant compositions of the invention.

Variant A: Structures Based on Amide- or Amine-Containing Spacers

-   A.I Gemini surfactants of the general formula (A.I) according to WO    96/14926    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        following meanings:    -   R¹, R³ C₅- to C₂-5-alkyl, branched or unbranched, saturated,        optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent    -   R² C₁- to C₁₂-alkylene    -   X, Y (C₂H₄O—)_(x)(C₃H₆O—)_(y)—FR; x+y≧1, x: 0-15, y: 0-10    -   FR —SO₃M, —CH₂—CO₂M, —P(O)(OM)₂, H, —C₃H₆SO₃M; or        —CH₂(CHOH)₄CH₂OH, insofar as x+y=0, wherein M=a counter-ion,        such as alkali, (alkyl)ammonium, alkanol ammonium, H, or ½        alkaline earth-   A.II Gemini surfactants having dicarboxylic acid-based spacers of    the general formula (A.II) in accord-ance with WO 96/25388    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings    -   as defined hereinabove for the general formula (A.I).-   A.III Amphoteric gemini surfactants of the general formula (A.III)    in accordance with WO 97/31890    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formula (A.I).        Gemini surfactants of the general formula (A.III) are amphoteric        compounds, which can turn into cationic ones if the ambient        medium is sufficiently acidic.        Variant B: Structures Based on Amide- or Amine-Containing        Spacers-   B.I Gemini surfactants of the general formula (B.I) in accordance    with DE 19622612 or    -   JP-A 10-175934    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        following meanings:    -   R¹, R³ C₅- to C₂₅-alkyl, branched or unbranched, saturated,        optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent    -   R² C₁- to C₁₂-alkylene    -   A CHR⁴, CH₂, C₂H₄, C₃H₆, C₄H₈    -   R⁴ aminocarboxylic acid radical    -   M a counter-ion, such as alkali, (alkyl) ammonium, alkanol        ammonium, H, or ½ alkaline earth.-   B.II Gemini surfactants of the general formula (B.II) in accordance    with EP 0 708 079    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formula (B.I)        and    -   R⁵, R⁶ represent C₆- to C₃₆-alkyl, branched or unbranched,        saturated, optionally up to two times unsaturated if        non-adjacent;    -   X is an alkylene- or alkenylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon        atoms, which may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a        sulfonic acid group or a carboxy group;    -   Y¹ is a sulfonate- or sulfate group or a carboxyl group    -   Y² represents a hydroxyl group, a sulfuric acid residue, or        —O—(CO)X—COOH.-   B.III Gemini surfactants of the general formula (B.III) according to    JP-A-8-311003    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formula (B.I)        and    -   FG represents —COOM or —SO₃M.-   B.IV Gemini surfactants of the general formula (B.IV) according to    JP-A 11-60437    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formulas (B.I)        and (B.II) and    -   AO represents alkylene oxide units, i.e. ethyleneglycol-,        propyleneglycol-, and butyleneglycol ether units, alone or        arranged randomly or blockwise, wherein n=1 to 20, and    -   Z is —SO₃M, —C₂H₄SO₃M, —C₃H₆SO₃M, —P(O)(OM)₂ or —CH₂—COOM,        —C₂H₄—COOM.-   B.V Gemini surfactants of the general formula (B.V)    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        following meaning-   R¹, R³ C5- bis C25-alkyl, branched or unbranched, saturated,    optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent;-   R² C1- bis C12-alkylene;-   M a counter-ion, such as alkali, (alkyl) ammonium, alkanol ammonium,    H, or ½ alkaline earth, whereby the carbonic acid groups may as well    be only partially neutralized.    Variant C: Structures Based on Amide- or Amine-Containing Spacers-   C.I Gemini surfactants of the general formula (C.I) according to EP    0 697 244,    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        following meanings:    -   R¹ C₅- to C₂₅-alkyl, branched or unbranched, saturated,        optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent,        hydroxy-substituted or perfluorinated    -   R² C₁- to C₁₂-alkylene or hydroxy-substi-tuted derivatives        thereof    -   B an amide group [—C(O)N(R²)— or    -    —N(R⁵)C(O)—], a carboxyl group [—C(O)O— or —OC(O)—], a        polyether group    -    [—(O(R⁶—O)_(x)—]    -   R⁵ C₁- to C₄-alkyl or hydroxy-substituted alkyl or H    -   R⁶ C₂- to C₄-alkylene    -   x a number from 1 to 20    -   R³ C₁- to C₁₂-alkyl or hydroxy-substituted derivatives thereof,        R⁷-D-R⁷ or a poly-ether group [—(O(R⁶-O)_(x)—]    -   R⁷ C₁- to C₆-alkylene or hydroxy-substi-tuted derivatives        thereof    -   D —O—, —S—, —N(R⁸)—    -   R⁴ alkylene or alkylaryl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or the        hydroxy-substituted derivatives or R⁹-D¹-R⁹    -   R⁸ C₁- to C₁₂-alkyl or hydroxy-substituted alkyl or H or        R⁹-D¹-R⁹    -   R⁹ C₁- to C₆-alkylene or hydroxy-substituted derivatives thereof        or aryl    -   D¹ —O—, —S—, —SO₂—, —C(O)—, [—(O(R⁷—O)_(x)—],        (R¹⁰)_(t)[N(R¹⁰)]_(z) or aryl    -   R¹⁰ C₁- to C₁₂-alkyl or hydroxy-substituted alkyl or H or aryl    -   t, z are independently of one another a number from 1 to 4    -   Y is independently of one another —SO₃H, O—SO₃H, —OP(O)(OH)₂,        —P(O)(OH)₂, —COOH, —CO₂—C₆H₄—SO₃H and the salts thereof.-   C.II Gemini surfactants of the general formula (C.II) according to    EP 0 697 245    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formula (C.I)        and    -   R¹¹ is C₅- to C₂₃-alkyl, branched or un-branched, saturated,        optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent,        hydroxy-substituted or perfluorinated or R¹⁴-B-R²,    -   R¹⁴ is C₁- to C₁₂-alkyl, branched or un-branched, saturated,        optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent, or the        hydroxy-substituted derivatives,    -   R¹² means C₁- to C₁₂-alkylene, branched or unbranched,        saturated, optionally up to two times unsaturated if        non-adjacent, or the hydroxy-substituted derivatives, or an        amide group [—C(O)N(R²)— or —N(R⁵)C(O)—], a carboxyl group        [—C(O)O— or —OC(O)—], a polyether group [—(O(R⁶—O)_(x)—] or        R⁹-D¹-R⁹, and    -   A is —CR⁶═ or —N═ with the proviso that if A equals —N═, R¹¹        represents R¹⁴-B-R².-   C.III Gemini surfactants of the general formula (C.III) according to    DE 4227391 and DE 19608117    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formulas (C.I)        and (C.II) and    -   R²¹ represents C₅- to C₂₃-alkyl, branched or unbranched,        saturated, optionally up to two times unsaturated if        non-adjacent,    -   R²², R²⁴ are C₁- to C₆-alkylene,    -   R²³ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or a polyether group        [—(O(R⁶—O)_(x)—].        Variant D:-   D.I Gemini surfactants of the general formula (D.I) according to    U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,886    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        following meanings:    -   R, R¹ C₅- to C₃-0-alkyl, branched or unbranched, saturated,        optionally up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent,        hydroxy-substituted or perfluorinated    -   R² C₁- to C₁₀-alkylene, arylene, and hydroxy-substituted        derivatives, a polyether [—O(R⁴O)_(x)—], —S—, —SO₂—, —O—, —S—S—,        —O—R⁵—O—, or —S—R⁵—S—    -   R⁴ C₂- to C₄-alkylene    -   R⁵ C₁- to C₁₀-alkylene, arylene or alkyl arylene, —N(R⁶)—, or        —(NR⁶)—R⁷—(NR⁶)—    -   R⁶ C₁- to C₆-alkyl    -   R⁷ C₁- to C₆-alkyl, wherein R⁷ and R⁶ can also be part of a        heterocyclic ring    -   X polyether [—O(R⁴O)_(x)—], wherein x is a number from 1 to 30,        —O—, NZ    -   Z C₁- to C₁₀-alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or H, and    -   Y, Y₁ are independently of one another H, —CH₂—COOH and salts, a        hydrocarbon radical having at least two hydroxyl groups, such as        erythrose, threose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, fructose, lyxose,        allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, galactose and mixtures        thereof.-   D.II Gemini surfactants of the general formula (D.II)    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formula (D.I)        and    -   AO means —C(O)—, —C(O)—[—O(R⁴O)_(x)—], —CH₂—[—O(R⁴O)_(x)—],        —CH₂—O—,    -   T, T¹ are independently of one another —OM, —H, —CH₃, —C₂H₅,        —SO₃M, —CH₂COOM, —C₂H₄—COOM, —C₃H₆—SO₃M, —O—P(O)(OM)₂, and    -   M is alkyli, ½ alkaline earth, ammonium, mono-, di-,        trialkanolammonium, or H.-   D.III Gemini surfactants of the general formula (D.III) according to    WO 96/16930    -   wherein the substituents independently of one another have the        meanings as defined hereinabove for the general formulas (D.I)        and (D.II) and    -   R⁸ is NYY¹, —O(R⁴O)_(x)H, or —O(R⁴O)_(x)—C(O)—CHR—CHR¹—C(O)NYY¹.-   D.IV Gemini surfactants of the general formula (D.IV) according to    WO 96/25384    -   wherein the substituents have the meanings as defined        hereinabove for the general formulas (D.I), (D.II), and (D.III)        and    -   t is an integer from 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 20, most        preferably 1 to 4.

The term ‘up to two times unsaturated if non-adjacent’ employed hereinrefers to conjugated double bonds.

(a.2) Poor-Foaming Detergent Component

The preferential detergent component characterised by poor foaming and,preferably, mildness is chosen from among the following compounds:

Water-soluble sugar surfactants, acylated protein derivatives,sulphosuccinates, especially sodium- -mono- and -dialkanolsulphosuccinates having branched or unbranched, saturated or mono- totri-unsaturated if non-adjacent alkyl residues in the range of from C₆to C₁₈, or acyllactylates, especially sodium-, potassium-, magnesium-,or calcium salts of monomeric lactic acid esterified on the hydroxylgroup with linear or branched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated ifnon-adjacent, cyclic or acyclic C₆- to C₂₄-carboxylic acids, or itsoligomers, the oligomerisation degree of the lactic acid beingpreferably from 1.1 to 10, most preferably from 1.1 to 4, oralkyl(poly)glucosides having an oligomerisation degree of from 1.0 to10, preferably 1 to 3, and branched

or unbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent,cyclic or acyclic alkyl residues having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, oralkali-, alkaline earth-, mono-, di-, and trialkanolammonium-,ammonium-, mono-, di-, trialkylammonium salts of N-acylated amino acids,optionally also including partially N-acylated oligo-polyamino acids,e.g. alkyl isethionates which comprise alkyl residues with 6 to 24carbon atoms and are branched or unbranched, saturated or mono- totri-unsaturated if non-adjacent, or alkali-, alkaline earth-, mono-,di-, and trialkanolammonium-, ammonium-, mono-, di-, trialkyl ammoniumsalts of acylsarcosinates which comprise alkyl residues with 6 to 24carbon atoms and are branched or unbranched, saturated or mono- totri-unsaturated if non-adjacent, or protein condensates having C₆- toC₂₄-acyl residues which are branched or unbranched, saturated or mono-to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent, or betaines comprising alkyl chainswith 6 to 24 carbon atoms, which can be branched or linear, saturated ormono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent. Betaines of the amidoaminetype are preferred. Acylglutamates with 6 to 24 carbon atoms in the acylchain, which can be linear or branched, saturated or mono- totri-unsaturated if non-adjacent, are also suitable. Particularlypreferred detergent components for use in the compositions of theinvention are acyllactylates, alkylisethionates and/or acylglutamates ortheir derivatives.

(b.2) Co-Amphiphiles with HLB Values of Less Than 6

Co-amphiphiles which are solid at room temperature (25° C.) areparticularly suitable. Examples of these preferable co-amphiphilesinclude C₆- to C₄₀-alkyl alcohols, especially C₈- to C₂₄-alkyl alcohols,most preferably cetyl alcohol or behenyl alcohol, which can be branchedor unbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent,acyclic or alicyclic, non-neutralized C₆- to C₂-4-alkylcarboxylic acids,preferably C₈- to C₂₂-alkylcarboxylic acids, which can be branched orunbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent,acyclic or alicyclic, alkylaryl derivatives, sorbitan

esters (C₆ to C₂₂), methylglucoside esters (C₆ to C₂₂), sugar esters (C₆to C₂₂), mono-, di-, and triglycerides of C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acids ormixtures thereof, glycerol mono-di-stearate being particularlypreferred, branched or unbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturatedif non-adjacent, mono- and di-glycerides of the aforementioned acids andtheir derivatives which have been further esterified with lactic acidand/or citric acid, C₆- to C₂₂-polyglycerol esters, C₆- toC₂₂-propyleneglycol esters, and also vitamin esters (e.g. vitamin Eacetate, vitamin A palmitate), salicylic acid, benzoic acid, lecithins(of vegetable oils or from animals). The alcohols, acids, and mono- anddiglycerides of the aforementioned carboxylic acids are especiallypreferred.

Preferable mixtures are those of long-chain alcohols (C₆- toC₄₀-alcohol, with increasing preference for C₈- to C₂₄-, C₁₄- to C₃₆-,or C₁₄- to C₂₄-alcohol), such as cetyl- or behenyl alcohol, glycerolmono-di-stearate (GMS), and glycerol monostearate esterified with citricacid, or according to another embodiment of the surfactant composition,mixtures of long-chain alcohols, such as cetyl- or behenyl- or erucicalcohol, GMS and stearic acid, most preferably mixtures of behenylalcohol, GMS, and glycerol monostearate esterified with citric acid.

It is furthermore preferable to use one or more of the followingcomponents: Polyethylene glycol derivatives with a large or narrowhomologues distribution, polyethylene polypropylene block copolymers,alkyl polyglucose (APG having a DP from 1 to 6), alkyl polyglycerolderivatives, and silicone copolyols.

Preferable gemini surfactant/co-amphiphile(s) compositions independentlyof one another have besides the gemini surfactant, preferably inquantities from 5 to 25 wt %, most preferably from 10 to 20 wt %,referring to the gemini surfactant/co-amphiphile(s) composition, atleast two, preferably three of the different co-amphiphile components asdefined hereinafter:

-   -   (a) one or more long-chain alcohol(s):        -   a C₆- to C₄₀-alcohol, with increasing preference for C₈- to            C₂₄—, C₁₄— to C₃₆-, or C₁₄- to C₂₄-al-cohol,    -   (b) one or more long-chain acid(s):        -   a C₆- to C₂₄-carboxylic acid, preferably a C₈- to C₂₂            carboxylic acid,    -   (c) one or more ester(s)/partial ester(s) of a polyol with one        or more mono- or polycarboxylic acid(s):        -   a sorbitan(C₆- to C₂₂-)ester,        -   a methylglucoside(C₆- to C₂₂-)ester,        -   a sugar(C₆- to C₂₂-)ester,        -   a mono-, di-, and triglyceride of a C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic            acid,        -   a derivative (esterified with lactic acid or citric acid) of            the mono- and diglycerides of a C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acid,        -   a polyglycerol(C₆- to C₂₂-)ester,        -   a propyleneglycol(C₆- to C₂₂-)ester,        -   a vitamin ester,    -   (d) and the following additional co-amphiphile components:        -   salicylic acid,        -   benzoic acid and/or        -   lecithin.

According to another embodiment, it is preferable that at least two,more preferable at least three of the components specified hereinbelowbe co-amphiphiles:

-   -   one or more long-chain alcohol(s) having ≧8 carbon atoms as        defined hereinabove under (a) in quantities from 30 to 50 wt %,    -   a glycerol derivative, e.g. a mono-, di-, and triglyceride of a        C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acid, or a compound with a similar HLB        value, in quantities from 30 to 50 wt %, or    -   a derivative (esterified with lactic acid or citric acid) of the        mono- and diglycerides of a C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acid and/or a        C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acid in quantities from 5 to 25 wt %,        preferably 10 to 20 wt %,        wherein the quantities refer to the gemini        surfactant/co-amphiphile(s) composition.

Preferably, the long-chain alcohol is at least one of the co-amphiphilesemployed herein, and an ester of a polyol with one or more mono- orpolycarboxylic acid(s), preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, is theother (an additional) co-amphiphile.

For example, when using five co-amphiphiles, the composition of theinvention preferably contains besides the gemini surfactant thefollowing co-amphiphiles in quan-tities from 5 to 25 wt %, preferably 5to 20 wt %:

-   Co-amphiphile 1: long-chain alcohol as defined under (a), in    quantities from 20 to 50%, preferably 20 to 35 wt %,-   Co-amphiphile 2: an ester/partial ester of a polyol with one or more    mono- or polycarboxylic acid(s) as defined under (c), especially GMS    or a compound with a comparable HLB value, in quantities from 20 to    50 wt %, preferably 20 to 35 wt %,-   Co-amphiphile 3: 5 to 25%, preferably 10 to 20 wt %,-   Co-amphiphile 4: 5 to 25%, preferably 10 to 20 wt %, and-   Co-amphiphile 5: 5 to 25%, preferably 10 to 20 wt %.

According to a particularly preferable embodiment of the presentinvention, the composition (a.1+a.2) should be as follows: Geminisurfactant  5 to 15 wt % Glycerol mono-distearate 30 to 40 wt % Behenylalcohol 35 to 45 wt % and Glycerylstearate citrate 10 to 20 wt %.(b.3) Hydrophobic Component

By the term ‘hydrophobic component’ as used herein is meant mono-, di-,and triglycerides, ester oils, paraffins, cycloalkanes, cyclic andacyclic silicone oils and functionalised silicone oils, long-chainalcohols having chain lengths of >C₁₄, isoprene derivatives, alkydresins, C₆- to C₄₀-alkyl alcohols, preferably C₈- to C₂₄-alkyl alcohols,most preferably cetyl alcohol or behenyl alcohol, which can be branchedor unbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent,acyclic or alicyclic, non-neutralized C₆- to C₂₄-alkylcarboxylic acids,preferably C₈- to C₂₂-alkylcarboxylic acids, which can be branched orunbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent,acyclic or alicyclic, alkylaryl derivatives, sorbitan esters (C₆ toC₂₂), methylglucoside esters (C₆ to C₂₂), sugar esters (C₆ to C₂₂),mono-, di-, and triglycerides of C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acids or mixturesthereof, glycerol mono-di-stearate being particularly preferred,branched or unbranched, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated ifnon-adjacent, and mono- and di-glycerides of the aforementioned acidsand their derivatives which have been further esterified with lacticacid and/or citric acid, C₆- to C₂₂-polyglycerol esters, C₆- toC₂₂-propyleneglycol esters, and also vitamin esters (e.g. vitamin Eacetate, vitamin A palmitate), salicylic acid, benzoic acid, lecithins(of vegetable oils or from animals). The alcohols, acids, and mono- anddiglycerides of the aforementioned carboxylic acids, esters of branchedand unbranched, saturated and mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacentalcohols with lactic acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, andtartaric acid.

(b.4) Nonionic Surfactants

The term ‘nonionic surfactants’ employed herein means alkoxylates ofbranched or linear, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated ifnon-adjacent C₆- to C₂₂-alcohols or alkyl polyglucosides having apolymerization degree of ≧1 or sorbitan ester or sorbitan esterethoxylates or C₆- to C₂₂-linear or branched alkyl polyglycerides withat least 2 glyceryl units or alkoxylates of mono- and difatty acidglycerides or their mixtures or N,N′-diacylalkylene-diaminealkoxylatesor ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers or N-alkylpyrrolidonederivatives or polyvinyl alcohol derivatives. As used herein, the term‘alkoxydes’ is defined as ethyleneglycol ethers, propyleneglycol ethersand their combinations arranged blockwise or randomly.

(c.2.1) Alcohols

Preferable alcohols are C₂- to C₄-alcohols, such as ethanol andpropanol.

(c.2.2) Polyglycols

Preferable polyglycols are oligomers of polyol compounds whichpreferably have 2 to 4 carbon atoms and 2 or more hydroxy groups, basedon the chain-building monomer. Said oligomers can have as initial orterminal group one or two free hydroxy groups or can have completelyetherified initial or terminal groups. C₁- to C₈-mono- or polyols areuseful as an initial group, whereas C₁- to C₈-monohydroxy alcohols aresuitable as a terminal group. The polyglycols preferably have amolecular weight of not greater than 25,000 g/mol. Examples of suitablepolyglycols include polyethylene-, polypropylene-, and polybutyleneglycols.

(c.2.3) Polyols

It is preferable that the polyols have 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the(optionally branched) alkylene segment and 2 to 50 hydroxyl groups, mostpreferably 2 to 6. Suitable polyols include for example alkyleneglycols, such as ethylene-, propylene-, butylene-pentylene-, andhexylene glycol and their corresponding isomers, e.g. neopentylglycol.Also suitable are triols, such as glycerol, and higher polyols, such astrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, polyglycerol, glucosides, andpolyglucosides, saccharides and their corresponding alkyl derivativesand polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures. Also suitable are polyvinylalcohols.

(c.4) Viscosity Regulators

Suitable viscosity regulators are water—swellable, hydrophilic polymers,such as non-crosslinked polymers, e.g. xanthan gum, linear acrylic acidpolymers, pectins, saccharides, cellulose derivatives, caragenan, andarabic gum.

(c.5) Cross-Linked Polymers

Suitable cross-linked polymers are cross-linked polyacrylic acidderivatives and co-polyacrylic acid derivatives, such as copolymerisateswith maleic acid.

(d.1) Solid Particles

By the term ‘solid particles’ as used herein is meant particles whichare substantially insoluble in the O/W emulsions of the invention. It ispreferable that said solid particles substantially have an averageparticle size of not greater than 20 μm, preferably from 0.01 to 5 μm,referring to the primary particles.

Solid particles can most finely be dispersed and withstand agglomerationby dispersing same, e.g. in a polyol according to (c.2.3), prior toaddition to the composition. They may be employed in the form of apaste.

In the O/W emulsions of the invention as much as about 8 wt % titaniumdioxide particles can finely be dispersed such that no white layer willappear when spreading the emulsion on the skin. Furthermore, saidemulsions are stable. They withstand five freeze-thaw cycles attemperatures ranging from −18° C. to >40° C. and can be stored for twomonths at room temperature or 50° C. without showing signs ofinstability.

Suitable solid particles include titanium dioxide with an amphiphilic orhydrophobic coating, zinc oxide, effect pigments which may be coated aswell, silica, boron nitrides, carbon black, iron- and aluminium oxides,which may have amphiphilic or hydrophobic coatings, most preferablythose coated with silicone derivatives, alumosilicates, aluminas, e.g.bentonites, mica, inorganic pearlescent pigments, metal powder, andmetal oxides, such as tin oxide, carmines, ferrocyanides, bariumsulfate, bismuth oxychloride, and organic pigments, such as dye pigmentsand sun protection pigments, e.g.2,2′-methylene-bis-{6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol}.

A combination of titanium dioxide having an amphiphilic or hydrophobiccoating and salicylic ester has proved to be most advantageous. Thealcohol group preferably comprises 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The resultantSPF is significantly higher than with a combination of these twocomponents. COSMACOL™ ESI is a useful salicylic ester which iscommercially available.

Uses

The sprayable O/W emulsions of the invention can be employed incosmetics, e.g. as alternatives to skin care creams/lotions or sunscreenlotions which then can have sun protection factors ranging from 2 to 60.Said sprays are also suitable for beautifying cosmetics, e.g. whenemploying effect pigments, or as liquid/sprayable foundations.

Furthermore, the sprayable O/W emulsions of the invention are useful asleather- or furniture-care products, car-polish auxiliaries, polishauxiliaries required for making silicon wafers, and as top-coat lacquersfor (non)absorbent surfaces.

The compositions of the invention are useful as multifunctionalpreparations for hair/skin cosmetics/detergents, household detergents,furniture-/textile-/carpet-care products and cleaning agents,herbicides, insecticides, and arachnicides.

Foams

For use in emulsion foams produced by means of a trigger pump, not bymeans of a pressurised agent (propellant) commercialised for example byAirspray International, it is essential that the emulsion has the rightviscosity. Since the emulsions in question have exceptionally lowviscosities, the same difficulties are encountered as with (sprayable)O/W emulsions with respect to preparation, stability, and versatility.It is not possible to make the emulsions more stable by increasing theirviscosity. Since it is difficult to foam ordinary sprayable O/Wemulsions and as such emulsions when foamed form poorly stable and notvery creamy foams, it was the purpose of the invention to formulate astable, low-viscous O/W emulsion which can easily be foamed by means ofan additional surfactant without losing stability and versatility withrespect to the range of oil polarities.

It has surprisingly been found that the problem can be solved by simplyadding to a spray prepared from the phases (a) and (b), after it hasbeen made, a 5 to 30% aqueous solution of a heavily foaming surfactantor a preparation containing same. It is preferable that the surfactantadded according to the invention be present in quantities from 0.1 to3.0 wt %, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 wt %, most preferably 1.0 to 2.0 wt %,referring to the O/W emulsion.

Included amongst especially suitable foaming surfactants are alkali-,alkaline earth-, ammonium-, alkanol, and alkylammonium salts ofacylglutamates (C₆ to C₂₂, saturated or mono- to tri-unsaturated,branched or linear), alkali-, alkaline earth-, ammonium-, alkanol, andalkylammonium salts of alkyl- or alkenyl isethionates, alkyl- or alkenyllactates, mixtures of alkyl lactylate salts and one or more of thegemini surfactants specified hereinabove, e.g. CERALUTION™ F,alkylamidopropylbetains, N-acylsarcosinates and other foaming N-acylatedamino acids or the salts thereof, and salts of alkyl- ordialkylsulphosuccinates. The foaming surfactant, too, may contain geminisurfactants. The amounts then are employed in addition to the quantitiescontained in the phases (a) and (b).

Said foams can be prepared by first making the basic O/W emulsionaccording to the system. The emulsion may be based on a nonionic PITsystem or an anionic surfactant, such as glyceryl stearate citrate or aphosphoric ester derivative or gemini surfactant blends. The foamingsurfactant then is added, preferably as a solution, at temperatures from40° C. to 20° C., preferably 35° C.

The mixing ratios of the invention are from 70 to 95 wt % of thelow-viscous emulsion, preferably 80 to 95 wt %, and 5 to 30 wt %,preferably 10 to 20 wt % of a 1 to 15 wt % surfactant solution,preferably a 1 to 3% solution.

Experiments

The term ‘mild’ employed herein means that the compounds/compositionsare not subject to labelling, e.g. in accordance with EEC guideline67-548 (Dangerous Substances Ordinance), with regard to their skin andeye irritation potential.

As used herein, the term ‘poor-foaming surfactants’ means that thesurfactants when employed as an additional detergent component do notfulfil two requirements of the three specified hereinbelow forevaluating their foaming behaviour, namely

-   -   lamellar thickness of the foam (measured in mm) immediately        after formation,    -   number of vesicles in the image detail (with 100 fold        magnification) immediately after formation    -   initial foaming by hand test.

Experiment for evaluating the ‘poor-foaming’ feature:

-   8 weight percent of the surfactant under examination was dissolved    in demineralised water. The surfactant solution was stirred for 10    minutes at 1,500 rpm using the 5 paddle mixer depicted in FIGS. 1/3    through 3/3. The solution was found to heat up slightly from room    temperature to approx. 35° C. Stirring was terminated after 10    minutes. The foam produced in this way was skimmed off and promptly    examined microscopically. The lamellar thickness was measured in    millimetres, and the number of vesicles in the foam was determined    in the image detail.

In addition to the foam quality produced by stirring, the initialfoaming of a surfactant under running cold tap water was evaluated aswell. In this test 2 grams of surfactant were spread over the palms andthen evenly rubbed in under running water. The foam quality wasevaluated by four grades: 0=no foaming, 1=moderate foaming, 2=goodfoaming, and 3=very good foaming.

Poor-foaming surfactants are those which do not fulfil at least tworequirements of the three specified hereinbelow, namely

-   -   a lamellar thickness of less than or equal to 16 mm or    -   less than or equal to 16 vesicles in the image detail or    -   grade 1 or less in the initial-foaming test.

Good-foaming surfactants fulfil all three requirements by the followingvalues: lamellar thickness ≧20 mm, ≧20 vesicles in the image detail(both immediately after initial foaming), and grade 3 initial foaming.The method of making foam is illustrated in FIGS. 1/3 through 3/3. FIG.1/3 shows the paddle mixer for making foam. FIG. 2/3 represents theexperimental set-up for making foam indicating the heights incentimetres, wherein H is the height of the unfoamed solution. FIG. 3/3shows the foaming result at a circumferential speed of the paddle mixerof 5 m/s. After stirring for 10 minutes, the foam was skimmed off andmicroscopically examined after 2, 5, and 15 minutes.

Preparation

The sprayable emulsions of the invention are prepared in at least twosteps, which will be illustrated by the following example. At 60° C.,phase (b) is added to part of the hydrophilic phase (a), whichoptionally contains the viscosity regulator. Advantageously, theviscosity regulator is a linear polymer, which has previously beenswelled in water. The mixture then is homogenised until >95% of the oildroplets, preferably >98% are <1 mm in diameter, preferably <10 μm.

The viscosity is adjusted by increasing or reducing the water quantityin order that the homogenisation period be as short as possible. Theproduct then is allowed to cool to 35 to 40° C., followed by stirring inthe residual aqueous phase, optionally with preservative, fragrance,other highly volatile constituents, such as cyclomethicone, and thepigment which has been predispersed in polyol, preferablybutyleneglycol. By selection of a suitable component (a.1, a.2; b.1,b.2) it is ensured that the particles will not agglomerate.Surprisingly, the spraying characteristics are not affected by the solidparticles content.

The foaming emulsions of the invention are prepared in at least threesteps: a sprayable emulsion is prepared as specified hereinabove, adilute aqueous solution of a foaming surfactant, preferably a heavilyfoaming one, is admixed, and the product is cooled.

The sprayable antitranspirant emulsions of the invention are prepared inat least three steps: a sprayable emulsion is prepared as specifiedhereinabove, followed by stirring therein an aqueous solution orsuspension or an alkyleneglycol solution or—suspension of metalchlorohydrate, preferably in propylene- or butyleneglycol. Example ATrade Name CTFA/INCI [wt.-%] B C D E F G H Phase B or addition toCeralution H Behenyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.001.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 glyceryl stearate citrate, sodiumdicocoylethylenediamine PEG-15 sulfate Marlipal O13/120 Isotrideceth-122.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 Marlipal 1618/25 Ceteth-25 0.002.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 Miglyol 812 N Caprylic/caprictriglyceride 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 5.00 14.00 25.00 Cosmacol ESI3.00 C12-15 Alkyl benzoate 2.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00Cyclomethicone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 Triethyl citrate0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 Octocrylene 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 5.00 4.00 0.00 Octyl methoxycinnamate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.000.00 0.00 Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.000.00 0.00 Tocopherol acetate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00Uvinul T 150 Octyl triazone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00Phase A or addition to Demineralised water 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.0010.00 10.00 10.00 Ceralution F Sodium lauroyl lactylate, sodium 1.502.00 2.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.50 2.00 dicocoylethylenediamine PEG-15sulfate Pricerine 9091 Glycerol 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00Keltrol Xanthan gum 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.05 0.10Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 Phase CDemineralised water Aqua 34.50 29.90 27.40 33.40 27.90 25.80 28.20 32.90Ethanol Alcohol 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.50 4.250.00 Sodium hydroxide (10%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 6.00 0.00Phase D ZnO/40% in BG 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00UV-Sperse T40/BG 10.00 15.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 0.00 Silica0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 Butyleneglycol 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 Pentyleneglycol 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.003.00 3.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00PSA median without sonic 0.32 0.34 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.33 [μm] <1μm [%] 98.6 99.2 98.7 99.6 98.3 98.9 99.4 98.9 median with sonic [μm]0.33 0.34 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.33 <1 μm [%] 98.7 99.2 98.5 99.798.2 99.1 99.4 98.8Preparation:

Heat the phases A and B to 70° C., add phase A to phase B and homogeniseuntil PSA <0.40 μm; cool to 35° C. and admix subsequently phase C and Dwith homogenisation. BG=butyleneglycol. Gemini: INCI (sodiumdicocoylethylenediamine PEG-15 sulfate, cf. structure as defined hereinsub A.1, wherein R¹=R³=C₁₁H₂₃—/C₁₃H₂₇, R²=C₂H₄,X=Y=(C₂H₄O—)x(C₃H₆O—)y-SO₃Na, wherein x=15, y=0); Ceralution H (behenylalcohol: 30-50%, glyceryl stearate: 30-50%, glyceryl stearate citrate:10-20%, gemini: 10-20%); Ceralution F (sodium lauroyl lactylate: 30-50%,gemini: 30-50%, water: 15%) Foaming Example Emulsion J Foaming SprayableEmulsion Trade Name CTFA/INCI [wt.-%] Emulsion K with Al-Chlorohydrate LPhase B Ceralution H Behenyl alcohol, 0.75 0.78 0.5 glyceryl stearate,glyceryl stearate citrate, sodium dicocoylethylene- diamine PEG-15sulfate Steareth-100 0.00 0.00 1.00 Marlipal O13/120 Isotrideceth-121.49 0.78 0.00 Miglyol 812 N Caprylic/capric 37.31 5.16 25.00triglyceride Hydrogenated 0.00 2.35 1.05 cocoglycerides Cosmacol EBIC₁₂₋₁₅ alkyl 0.00 5.63 2.8 benzoate Cyclomethicone 0.00 3.91 2.5Triethyl citrate 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ethylhexylsalicylate 0.00 0.83 0.00Octyl methoxy- 0.00 10.95 0.00 cinnamate Benzophenone-3 0.00 1.56 0.00Butylmethoxy- 0.00 0.78 0.00 dibenzoylmethane Phase A Demineralised H₂O4.26 9.32 10.00 Ceralution F Sodium lauroyl 0.75 1.56 0.50 lactylate,sodium dicocoylethylene- diamine PEG-15 sulfate Pricerine 9091 Glycerol8.96 7.82 6.00 Keltrol Xanthan gum 0.37 0.31 0.15 Phase C DemineralisedH₂O Aqua 32.25 35.28 34.5 Ethanol Alcohol 11.94 10.95 8.00 Phase DSodium lauroyl 1.92 2.01 0.00 glutamate* Sodium 0.00 0.00 0.00lauroylsarcosinate* Aluminium 0.00 0.00 8.00 chlorohydrex PG Total100.00 100.00 100.00 Additional water required if foaming 58 63surfactant is added* Foaming surfactant content 1.2 1.2 0.00 (100%active content) PSA median without sonic [μm] 0.36 0.36 0.35 <1 μm [%]99.4 99.2 99.5 median with sonic [μm] 0.36 0.34 0.34 <1 μm [%] 99.4 99.299.6Preparation

Heat the phases A and B to 70° C., add phase A to phase B and homogeniseuntil PSA<0.40 μm; cool to 35° C. and admix subsequently phase C and Dwith homogenisation.

-   BG=butyleneglycol-   PG=propyleneglycol-   Gemini: INCI (sodium dicocoylethylenediamine PEG-15 sulfate, cf.    structure as defined herein sub A.1, wherein R¹=R³=C₁₁H₂₃-/C₁₃H₂₇,    R²═C₂H₄, X=Y=(C₂H₄O—)x(C₃H₆O—)y-SO₃Na, wherein x=15, y=0)-   Ceralution H: Behenyl alcohol: 30-50%, glyceryl stearate: 30-50%,    glyceryl stearate citrate: 10-20%, gemini: 10-20%)-   Ceralution F: Sodium lauroyl lactylate: 30-50%, gemini: 30-50%,    water: 15%

EXAMPLE J

A foaming emulsion can also be prepared by simply blending a sprayableemulsion formulated according to the invention with a dilute surfactantsolution, as in this example with 70% sprayable emulsion and 30% of a10% surfactant solution.

1. (canceled)
 2. The O/W emulsion of claim 24, wherein the geminisurfactant compound (a.1) and the detergent component (a.2) with poorfoaming characteristics are employed at a weight ratio of geminisurfactant compound (a.1) to detergent component (a.2) from 1:10 to 4:1.3. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24 or 2, wherein thecomponents (a.1) and (a.2) as a total of gemini surfactant compound(a.1) and detergent component (a.2) are employed in quantities from 0.05wt % to 5 wt %.
 4. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24 or2, wherein water (a.3) is used in quantities from 2 to 10 wt %.
 5. TheO/W emulsion of claim 24, wherein the gemini surfactant compound (b.1)and the co-amphiphile (b.2) are employed at a weight ratio of geminisurfactant compound (b.1) to co-amphiphile (b.2) from 1:20 to 1:2.
 6. AnO/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein thecomponents (b.1) and (b.2) as a total of gemini surfactant compound(b.1) and co-amphiphile (b.2) are employed in quantities from 0.1 to 8.0wt %.
 7. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5,wherein 10 to 40 wt % of the hydrophobic component (b.3) is added.
 8. AnO/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein 0.01 to10 wt % of one or more nonionic surfactant(s) (b.4), preferably 0.5 to 3wt % is(are) additionally added to phase (b).
 9. An O/W emulsionaccording to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsioncomprises 15 to 45 wt % water which is preferably added to phase (a) orafter combining the phases (a) and (b).
 10. An O/W emulsion according toany one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises a totalof 0.1 to 50 wt % alcohols (c.2.1), polyglycols (c.2.2) and/or polyols(c.2.3), preferably 5 to 30 wt %.
 11. An O/W emulsion according to anyone of the claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein preferably 0.1 to 10 wt % polyols(c.2.3) are added to phase (a).
 12. An O/W emulsion according to any oneof claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises 0.01 to 3 wt %viscosity regulator (c.4), preferably added to phase (a) or aftercombining the phases (a) and (b).
 13. An O/W emulsion according to anyone of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises 0.1 to 1 wt% cross-linked polymers (c.5), preferably added after combining thephases (a) and (b).
 14. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises 1 to 8 wt % solidparticles (d.1).
 15. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24,2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises 0.5 to 2 wt % foamingsurfactant (d.2).
 16. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24,2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises a metal chlorohydrate asantitranspirant (d.3), preferably in quantities from 2 to 8 wt %.
 17. AnO/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein thecomponents (d.1), (d.2) or (d.3) are added after combining the phases(a) and (b), optionally in conjunction with one or more of components(c).
 18. An O/W emulsion according to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5,wherein the O/W emulsion comprises 0.1 to 20 wt % ethanol, preferably0.1 to 8 wt %, preferably added to phase (a).
 19. An O/W emulsionaccording to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W/emulsioncomprises 0.1% to 25 wt % oil-soluble sun protection filter (d.4) addedto phase (b) or 0.1% to 25 wt % water-soluble sun protection filter orthe salt thereof (d.4) added to the water which is added after combiningthe phases (a) and (b).
 20. An O/W emulsion according to any one ofclaims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises as a co-amphiphile(b.2) or the co-amphiphile (b.2) consists of a C₆ to C₄₀ alcohol,preferably a C₈ to C₂₄ alcohol, a C₆ to C₂₄ carboxylic acid, preferablya C₈ to C₂₂ carboxylic acid, a sorbitan (C₆- to C₂₂-) ester, Amethylglucoside (C₆- to C₂₂-) ester, a sugar (C₆- to C₂₂-) ester, amono-, di-, and triglyceride of a C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acid, aderivative esterified with lactic acid or citric acid of the mono- anddiglycerides of a C₆- to C₂₂-carboxylic acid, a polyglycerol (C₆- toC₂₂-ester, a propyleneglycol (C₆- to C₂₂-) ester, a vitamin ester,salicylic acid, benzoic acid and/or lecithin.
 21. An O/W emulsionaccording to any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsioncomprises as a detergent component (a.2) or the detergent component(a.2) consists of sulphosuccinates, acyllactylates, alkylpolyglucosides,alkylisethionates, acylated protein condensates, betains and/oracylglutamates or the derivatives thereof.
 22. An O/W emulsion accordingto any one of claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the O/W emulsion comprises as adetergent component (a.2) or the detergent component (a.2) consists ofsodium-, potassium-, magnesium- or calcium salts of monomeric lacticacid esterified on the hydroxyl group with linear or branched, saturatedor mono- to tri-unsaturated if non-adjacent, cyclic or acyclic C₆- toC₂₄-carboxylic acids, or the oligomers thereof, and wherein theoligomerisation degree of the lactic acid is 1.1 to 10, preferably 1.1to
 4. 23. A process for preparing an O/W emulsion as claimed in any oneof claims 24, 2 or 5, wherein the phases (a) and (b) are added to 50 to80° C., preferably 60 to 70° C., with homogenisation by mixing until theaverage particle size of the oil droplets is <1 mm as determined by alight scattering method.
 24. An oil-in-water emulsion (O/W emulsion)having a viscosity of less than 2,000 mPas, measured at 298 K, which ispreparable by combining (a) a hydrophilic phase comprising (a.1) one ormore gemini surfactant compound(s) and (a.2) a detergent component withpoor foaming characteristics, at a ratio of gemini surfactant compound(a.1) to detergent component (a.2) from 1:100 to 10:1 and (a.3) 1 to 15wt % water, (b) with a hydrophobic phase comprising (b.1) one or moregemini surfactant compound(s) and (b.2) one or more co-amphiphile(s)having an HLB value of less than 6, at a weight ratio of geminisurfactant compound (b.1) to co-amphiphile (b.2) from 1:100 to 3:1 partsby weight, (b.3) 1 to 65 wt % of a hydrophobic component, andfurthermore comprising (c. 1) water in such quantity that the resultantwhole composition comprises 15 to 45 wt % water, (c.2) alcohols (c.2.1),polyglycols (c.2.2) and/or polyols (c.2.3) such that the wholecomposition comprises a total of 0.1 to 50 wt % alcohols (c.2.1),polyglycols (c.2.2) and/or polyols (c.2.3), and one or more of thecomponents (d.1) through (d.3) added after combining the phases (a) and(b), optionally in conjunction with one or more of the components(c),(d.1) 0.1 to 30 wt % solid particles, (d.2) 0.1 to 3 wt % foamingsurfactant or (d.3) 0.1 to 15 wt % antitranspirant, with the provisothat when adding the foaming surfactant (d.2), additional water be addedsuch that the proportion of the O/W emulsion comprised of components (a)through (c) to the additional water quantity including the foamingsurfactant (d.2), is from 90:10 to 40:60 parts by weight and wherein thegemini surfactants comprise at least two surfactant units, comprisingeach at least one hydrophilic head group and at least one hydrophobicgroup, and the surfactant units are interlinked through at least onespacer in proximity to the head group.